The Bachelor of Engineering: Electronics and Communication

Practical Exam Time-Table For Gandhinagar Zone

Use below link to Know the Time-Table for the Gandhinagar Zone.
http://www.gtu.ac.in/examtimetable/Summerexam2013/Practical/BE8_Z2.pdf

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During Reading Time

Aje bapore hu vanchva betho hato tyare ekdam maro vanchvano mood jato rahyo ne achanak ek Song yaad ayu...... o laila teri lele gi tu likh ke lele (Shootout at Wadala)....http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIvhSoHYt2I

Practical Exam Time-Table For Gandhinagar Zone

Use below link to Know the Time-Table for the Gandhinagar Zone.
This Link will be open when the time-table will be update on the GTU Site.
http://www.gtu.ac.in/examtimetable/Summerexam2013/Practical/BE8_Z2.pdf

Project Work

Hello Friends
Please Keep Continue Project Work....!!! Because Practical Exam & Viva may be taken From 18th May....!!! (As per looking the time table of RAJKOT ZONE)
For more details visit http://www.gtu.ac.in/Summer2013tt.asp
In some day the time table of Gandhinagar Zone will be display on GTU Website.

For DCN Subject

Mid Semester Remedial of DCN Subject may be taken in college in next week. Time Table for the Examination may be posted on Monday to the Notice Board. Thanks to Vishal Modi & Ganesh Patel for this Information.
For More Detail Contact on Monday to Vishal Modi, Ganesh Patel, Taj. 
Please Do not Call me for the Details. 

Best Luck

So Finally Submission and Viva has been Completed.
Best of Luck Guys for the Final Examinations of the Bachelor of Engineering.

 

Submission & Viva

For 8th EC Students,
Tommorrow (i.e.27/4/2013) Submission & viva will be taken in College.
So be Present. 

Title Page of Project Report

GSM based Passenger Control & Management System in BRTS A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by                               Jani Darshan B.   (090580111053)                             In fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING In  Electronics and Communication Engineering FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, RAJPUR Shree Saraswati Education Santhan’s Group of Institutions Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad May, 2013

Radar's Practical List

     Date:      /     / 

Experiment No: 1

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for computing minimum detectable power for radar.

Code:

pt = 1.5e6;                     % transmitted power (W)

G = 10*log10 (45);        % antenna gain (dB)

sigma = 0.1;                   % antenna effective aperture (m^2)

f= 5.6e9   ;                     % frequency (Hz)

c= 3e8;                          % speed of light (m/s)

lambda = c/f;                

for rmax = 10e3:0.5e3:30e3;        % min detectable signal power (m)

smin = (pt*(G^2)*(lambda^2)*sigma)/(((4*pi)^3)*(rmax^4))

plot (rmax,smin,'*');

hold on;

end

xlabel('Max range ');

ylabel('Smin ');

title('Minimum dectable signal power for radar range ');

Result:

                                                                                                                                  Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 2

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for computing radar range with SNR.

Code:

pt = 1.5e6;                                   % tranmitted power(W)

G = 10^(45/10);                          % antenna gain (dB)

sigma = 0.1;                                 % target cross section (m^2)

f = 5.6e9;                                     % frequency (Hz)

c = 3.0e8;                                    % speed of light (m/s)

k = 1.38e-23;                               % Boltzman's constant

Te =290;                                      % effective temp. (K)

F = 10^(3/10);                             % noise figure (dB)

SNR_min = 10^(20/10);             % signal to noise ratio (dB)

lambda = c/f;

for pulse_width = [0.2e-6:0.05e-6:2e-6]; % (sec)

    B = 1/pulse_width;

    rmax = ((pt*(G^2)*(lambda^2)*sigma)/(((4*pi)^3)*k*Te*B*F*SNR_min))^(1/4)

    plot(rmax,pulse_width,'.');

    hold on;

end

xlabel('Max range ');

ylabel('Pulse width');

 Result: 

Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 3

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for radar cross section

Code:

frequ = 0e6;

freql = 15e6;

scat_spacing = 50;

eps = 0.0001;

freq_band = frequ - freql;

delfreq = freq_band / 500.;

index = 0;

for freq = freql: delfreq: frequ

index = index +1;

wavelength(index) = 3.0e+8 / freq;

end

elec_spacing = 2.0 * scat_spacing ./ wavelength;

rcs = abs ( 1 + cos((2.0 * pi) .* elec_spacing) + i * sin((2.0 * pi) .* elec_spacing));

rcs = rcs + eps;

rcs = 20.0*log10(rcs); % RCS ins dBsm

% Plot RCS versus frequency

 freq = freql:delfreq:frequ;

plot(freq,rcs,'linewidth',2); grid;

xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');

ylabel('RCS in dBsm'); 

Result:

                                                                                                                                      Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 4

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for computing Doppler frequency.

Code:

%for freq = 10E6:5E6:100E6;

freq = 20e6;

ang = 30;

for tv = 500:10:750;  % m/s

target = 1;

format long

c = 3.0e+8;

ang_rad = ang * pi /180.;

lambda = c / freq;

if (target == 1)

fd = 2.0 * tv * cos(ang_rad) / lambda;

tdr = (c - tv) / (c + tv);

else

fd = -2.0 * c * tv * cos(and_rad) / lambda;

tdr = (c + tv) / (c -tv);

end

subplot(2,1,1);

plot(tv,fd,'*');

hold on;

subplot(2,1,2);

plot(tv,tdr,'o');

hold on;

end

fd

tdr

display ('Calculation Result for Doppler Frequency');

display('--------------------------------------------');

disp (['Doppler Frequency = ',num2str(fd)]);

disp (['Time Dilation Factor  = ',num2str(tdr)]);

Result:

fd =   86.60

tdr =    0.99

Calculation Result for Doppler Frequency

--------------------------------------------

Doppler Frequency = 86.6025

Time Dilation Factor  = 1

Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 5

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for matched filter.

Code:

% Matched Filter

% Input Parameter

nf = 14;                           % Fontsize

np = 300000;                       % Number of point for FFT

c = 3E8;                           % Speed of Light

T  = 20E-6;                        % Pulse Duration (T = 20usec)

BW = 100E6;                        % Chirp Bandwidth of interest(BW = 25MHz)

K = BW/T;                          % Chirp rate

fc = 0;                           

fs = 4*BW;                         % Sampling frequency

TB = BW*T;                         % Time Bandwidth product

n = T*fs;                          % Number of sample

t = (-T/2):(1/fs):(T/2)-(1/fs);

color = ['r' 'g' 'b' 'y' 'b' 'c' 'm'];

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

h = 1;         

LFM = exp(1i*(pi*((fc)*t + K*t.^2)));           % LFM

LFMC = conj(LFM);                               % Match Filter (Complex Conjugate of LFM)

LFM_rate = fc + (K * t);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Frequency domain

fmin = (fc-BW)/2;

fmax = (fc+BW)/2;

fre = linspace(fmin,fmax,n);

FLFM = fftshift(fft(LFM,n));             

FLFMC = fftshift(fft(LFMC,n));           

Y0 = db(FLFM)-db(FLFM(int16(n/2)));

figure(1), plot(fre,Y0,color(h),'linewidth',2);

axis([-0.2e8,0.2e8,-50,5]);            

hold on;

title(['Frequency Spectrum Bandwidth = ',int2str(BW)],'fontsize',nf);

xlabel('Frequency(Hz)','fontsize',nf);ylabel('Power(db)','fontsize',nf);

 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Generation of the Power Pattern

% Method using convolution

CLFM = conv(LFM,LFMC);

cn = length(CLFM)+1;                    % length of Convolution

lmin = (cn/2-n/2)+1;                    % Minimum limit for CLFM

lmax = (cn/2+n/2);                      % maximum limit for CLFM

Y1 = interpft(CLFM,np);

T1 = interpft(t,np);

PLFM1 = db(Y1)-max(db(Y1));

figure(2),plot(T1,PLFM1,color(h),'linewidth',2); grid on;

axis([-5e-8,5e-8,-50,5]);

xlabel('Time(sec)','fontsize',nf);ylabel('Power(db)','fontsize',nf);

Result:

Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 6

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for LFM.

Code:

fid = fopen('C:\Users\Nilesh\Documents\MATLAB\radar\lfm.csv','w');

% Linear FM Radar Waveform

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Input Parameter

nf = 14;                           % Fontsize

np = 300000;                       % Number of point for FFT

c = 3E8;                           % Speed of Light

T  = 20E-6;                        % Pulse Duration (T = 20usec)

BW = 100E6;                        % Chirp Bandwidth of interest(BW = 25MHz)

K = BW/T;                          % Chirp rate

fc = 0;                           

fs = 1*BW;                         % Sampling frequency

TB = BW*T;                         % Time Bandwidth product

n = T*fs;                          % Number of sample

t = (-T/2):(1/fs):(T/2)-(1/fs);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

LFM = exp(1i*(pi*((fc)*t + K*t.^2)));         

LFM_rate = fc + (K * t);

y = [t; real(LFM)];

y = y';

fprintf(fid,'%12.8f  %12.8f\n',y);

title('Linear FM','Fontsize',nf);

figure(1),subplot(3,1,1);plot(t,real(LFM),'r','linewidth',2);                     

axis([-T/5,T/5,-1.5,1.5]);         

xlabel('Time(sec)','Fontsize',nf);ylabel('idata','Fontsize',nf); hold on;

subplot(3,1,2);plot(t,imag(LFM),'r','linewidth',2);                

axis([-T/5,T/5,-1.5,1.5]);

xlabel('Time(sec)','Fontsize',nf);ylabel('qdata','Fontsize',nf);

%title('Chirp Phase Response');

xlabel(Time(sec)','Fontsize',nf);

subplot(3,1,3); plot(t,LFM_rate,'r','linewidth',2);hold on;

axis([-T/5,T/5,-5E7,5E7]);          % Bandwidth = 100MHz

xlabel('Time(sec)','fontsize',nf);ylabel('Fre(MHz)','fontsize',nf);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

fclose(fid);

 Result:

Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 7

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for single line delay canceller.

Code:

% single canceler

eps = 0.00001;

fofr = 0:0.01:1;

arg1 = pi .* fofr;

resp = 4.0 .*((sin(arg1)).^2);

max1 = max(resp);

resp = resp ./ max1;

subplot(2,1,1)

plot(fofr,resp,'k')

xlabel ('Normalized frequency - f/fr')

ylabel( 'Amplitude response - Volts')

grid

subplot(2,1,2)

resp=10.*log10(resp+eps);

plot(fofr,resp,'k');

axis tight

grid

xlabel ('Normalized frequency - f/fr')

ylabel( 'Amplitude response - dB')

Result: 

Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 8

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for double line delay canceller.

Code:

eps = 0.00001;

fofr = 0:0.001:1%fofr1;

arg1 = pi .* fofr;

resp = 4.0 .* ((sin(arg1)).^2);

max1 = max(resp);

resp = resp ./ max1;

resp2 = resp .* resp;

subplot(2,1,1);

plot(fofr,resp,'k--',fofr, resp2,'k');

ylabel ('Amplitude response - Volts')

resp2 = 20. .* log10(resp2+eps);

resp1 = 20. .* log10(resp+eps);

subplot(2,1,2)

plot(fofr,resp1,'k--',fofr,resp2,'k');

legend ('single canceler','double canceler')

xlabel ('Normalized frequency f/fr')

ylabel ('Amplitude response - dB')  

Result:

Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 9

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for linear antenna field intensity

Code:

   % Linear Antenna Field Intensity

   

    clc;

    clear all;

    close all;

   

    n = input('Enter the The Number of linear Array (n) : ');

    si = 0 : 0.01 : (2*pi) ;

   

    % Field Intensity

    FI = abs((sin(n*si./2))./(sin (si./2)));

   

    figure,plot(si,FI);

    title('Field Intensity of Antenna');

    xlabel('si');

    ylabel('Field Intensity of Antenna');

   

    figure,polar (si,FI);

    title('Polar Plot of Antenna Pattern');

Result:

Enter the The Number of linear Array (n) : 5

Date:     /    /

Experiment No: 10

Aim:  Write a program in Matlab for synthetic aperture radar.

Code:

% SAR

clc;

clear all;

close all;

v = 150 ;

R = 10E3;

f = linspace(1E9,100E9,100);

for crr = 1:2:10;

c = 3E8;

lamda = c./f;

Daz = R*lamda/crr;

Ta = Daz/v;

figure(1),loglog(f,Ta); grid on; hold on;

end

xlabel(' Fig 1.               Frequency (Hz)','fontsize',14); ylabel('Aperature(sec)','fontsize',14);

v = 7500;

R = 770E3;

for crr = 10:10:100;

c = 3E8;

lamda = c./f;

Daz = R*lamda/crr;

Ta = Daz/v;

figure(2),loglog(f,Ta); grid on; hold on;

end

xlabel('' Fig 2               Frequency (Hz)','fontsize',14); ylabel('Aperature(sec)','fontsize',14); 

Result: